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 Health issues are a significant concern globally, and Pakistan is no exception. The country faces numerous health challenges, including infectious diseases, chronic conditions, and healthcare system inadequacies. Here are some common health issues:

*Infectious Diseases*

- *Malaria*: A mosquito-borne disease prevalent in Pakistan, particularly in rural areas with poor sanitation and healthcare access.

- *Tuberculosis (TB)*:

A bacterial infection that affects the lungs and spreads through coughing and sneezing.

- *Dengue Fever*: A viral disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, causing symptoms like high fever, headaches, and muscle pain.

- *Hepatitis*: A viral liver disease spread through contaminated water or food, with Hepatitis E being a significant concern in Pakistan.

*Chronic Conditions*

- *Diabetes*: A growing health issue in Pakistan, with approximately 7 million individuals affected, largely due to unhealthy food habits and lack of awareness.

- *Ischemic Heart Disease*: A leading cause of death in Pakistan, responsible for 12.22% of annual deaths, often linked to smoking, obesity, and high blood pressure.

- *Stroke*: High blood pressure is a primary cause of stroke, with around 350,000 cases reported annually in Pakistan.

- *Cancer*: Breast and lung cancer are the most common types in Pakistan, with limited access to effective treatment and a lack of awareness contributing to high mortality rates.

*Healthcare System Challenges*

- *Inadequate Infrastructure*: Pakistan's healthcare system faces significant challenges, including limited access to quality healthcare, particularly in rural areas.

- *Sanitation and Hygiene*: Poor sanitation and hygiene practices contribute to the spread of infectious diseases.

- *Malnutrition*: Inadequate nutrition for young children and pregnant women is a significant concern, leading to stunted growth, underweight children, and increased mortality rates.

*Other Health Concerns*

- *Maternal and Child Health*: Maternal health is a significant issue in Pakistan, with inadequate healthcare facilities and lack of awareness contributing to high mortality rates.

- *HIV/AIDS*: Pakistan has a growing HIV/AIDS problem, primarily driven by the use of contaminated syringes among drug addicts.

- *Mental Health*: Mental health issues, including stress, anxiety, and depression, are increasingly recognized as significant health concerns in Pakistan ¹.